Skin carcinoma is category of skin cancer. There are two types of skin carcinoma such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Bcc are abnormal, uncontrolled growths or lesions that arise in the skin’s basal cells, which line the deepest layer of the epidermis. BCC often look like open sores, red patches, pink growths, shiny bumps, or scars. Usually caused by a combination of cumulative UV exposure and intense, occasional UV exposure, BCC can be highly disfiguring if allowed to grow, but almost never spreads (metastasizes) beyond the original tumor site. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising in the squamous cells, which compose most of the skin’s upper layers. SCC often look like scaly red patches, open sores, elevated growths with a central depression, or warts they may crust or bleed. SCC is mainly caused by cumulative UV exposure over the course of a lifetime.

Risk factor is anything that affects chance of getting a disease such as cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors. Some risk factors, like smoking and excess sun exposure, can be changed. There are several risk factor of skin carcinoma.

• Ultraviolet light exposure

People that exposure to ultraviolet rays having higher risk to get the skin carcinoma. Tanning beds are another source of UV rays. Other than that, while UV rays make up only a very small portion of the sun’s rays, they are the main cause of the damaging effects of the sun on the skin. UV rays damage the DNA of skin cells. Skin cancers begin when this damage affects the DNA of genes that control skin cell growth. Most skin carcinoma is probably caused by exposures that happened many years earlier. The pattern of exposure may also be important.

• Having light-colored skin

The white person is much higher risk than African American or Hispanic. This is because protective effects of the skin pigment melanin in people with darker skin. Whites with fair (light-colored) skin that freckles or burns easily are at especially high risk.

• Gender

Men are about twice as likely as women to have basal cell cancers and about 3 times as likely to have squamous cell cancers of the skin. This is thought to be due mainly to higher levels of sun exposure.

• Exposure to certain chemicals

People that exposure to large amounts of arsenic increases the risk of developing skin cancer. Arsenic is a heavy metal found naturally in well water in some areas.

• Radiation exposure

People who have had radiation treatment have a higher risk of developing skin carcinoma in the area that received the treatment. This is particularly a concern in children who have had radiation treatment for cancer.

• Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.

HPV is a group of virus that can cause papillomas, or warts. The warts that people commonly get on their hands and feet are not related to any form of cancer.  Other than that, some HPV types, especially those that affects the genital and anal areas and around the fingernails, seem to be related to skin cancers in these areas.

• Smoking

People who smoke are more likely to develop squamous cell skin cancer, especially on the lips. Smoking is not a known risk factor for basal cell cancer.

SKIN CARCINOMA

To diagnose skin carcinoma, doctor may:

• Examine the skin

Doctor may look at skin to determine whether skin changes are likely to be skin carcinoma. Further testing may be needed to confirm that diagnosis.

• Biopsy

Biopsy is removing a sample of suspicious skin for testing. A biopsy can determine whether have skin carcinoma and, if so, what type of skin cancer.

• Acupuncture

Acupuncture is the one of the treatment that can be cured any disease include skin carcinoma. It only using a small needles and herbs to release  any skin problem.

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